Journalism Portfolio

Electric Infrastructure Reporting Projects

The work that I find most exciting is often highly technical and requires piecing together multiple variables.

About a decade ago, I started studying Claremore’s electric grid because residents kept reporting excessive bill spikes. The problem wasn’t constant, so it was easy to dismiss with expected answers about summer demand, but even that couldn’t explain why ordinary residential customers could suddenly consume at times two or three times more kilowatt hours than the Oklahoma average, 1,079 kWh.

I worked to understand all the theories on why Claremore seemed different than nearby communities. I met with linemen and learned about a pole built in the 1960s, but I struggled to understand how line loss could increase residential bills.

I requested billing data to map clusters of unusually high charges. The city denied the request, citing operational disruptions. In hindsight, I would have asked the public to submit their data and then narrowed my request.

However, a new study last fall found four areas of Claremore with critically low voltage (101.8V). Now I’m completing a project on how low-voltage impacts current and appliances, and possibly accounts for those unpredictable bill spikes.


Data Storytelling

City Council Coverage

Public Response

Education Reporting Projects


School Board Meetings

Academic Research

One of my unique strengths is organizing and analyzing unstructured or semi-structured qualitative data. In an academic research project, rather than a conventional literature review, I built a topic taxonomy and a six-point sentiment scale to examine how sampling choices (especially snowball sampling) can influence tone in academic studies.


Sentiment analysis involves at least some subjective judgment, so I prioritized transparency and replicability. I designed a structured rubric that paired guiding questions with point values so it’s possible to audit edge cases or extend the dataset without rebuilding the coding framework.

Artificial intelligence (AI) was used selectively to support early-stage content review, data cleaning and preliminary categorization. However, at the time, the model consistently underperformed at identifying complex sentiment. It’s possible the problem is that academic papers use neutral scholarly language even while implicitly endorsing or critiquing multi-level marketing (MLM) structures, so final sentiment decisions were made through manual review guided by the rubric.

One revision I would make in a future iteration is to merge the topic category “exploitation” with “regulation.” When sentiment was analyzed by category, it’s hard to define a situation where “exploitation” could skew toward positive sentiment, which limited its usefulness as a standalone category. In practice, exploitation themes frequently overlapped with regulatory discussions, and integrating exploitation into “regulation.”


Additional Writing Projects

Annual Reports

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Data Ebook Projects

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